08:02:57 Good evening, you're so disciplines that I can't hear. Whether my audio works.
08:03:05 Yeah, we haven't yet begun.
08:03:10 Okay.
08:05:07 Alright welcome everyone. Good morning, for our Wednesday event at the KITP program on fundamentals of gashes halos.
08:05:18 This week, as we've been doing this far this week. The focus is on what role do non thermal components, play, and that are non thermal processes play in defining the CGM.
08:05:31 Just a quick advertisement, because it's going to be super fun and we're trying to do a social activity that isn't necessarily revolving around the science that we're spending the rest of the time on this Friday, there is a trivia night, night, or afternoon,
08:05:47 depending on your time zone.
08:05:49 It'll be at four o'clock pm Pacific Time, and it'll be about 90 minutes long. The questions are not about astronomy, as far as I can tell, they are about like pub trivia kind of thing.
08:06:01 And you are welcome to participate obviously for free, as are the members of your household or friends or family who happened to be present.
08:06:10 Even pets. And, and there's a link already in the halo 21 socializing group. This is an experiment, maybe this is going to be awesome maybe nobody will show up, but we're seeing how it goes.
08:06:22 It could be fun I'll be there I know the other organizers will be there with, with a drink, and, and, yeah, should be fun and then we're playing with other ideas for social activities in the future, but we'll ask more questions about that on in our, in
08:06:36 our surveys, at the end of this week.
08:06:40 So today, we have three awesome tutorials related to the theme of this week on non thermal processes from from key researchers within the field will start off in just a minute by searching G, talking about cosmic rays and their impact on the circuit galactic
08:06:57 medium searching is a postdoc at Caltech working on a variety of non thermal processes research but specifically his focus recently has been on the cosmic rays impact on on various halos and the circle galactic medium and and all manner of sorts.
08:07:15 So, at 840, you on Lee new professor at University of North Texas will be talking about observational measures of Halo turbulence, which is one of the themes that came up yesterday in the discussion panel after pings keynote.
08:07:31 And I'm really excited to see that. And then at 920, we will hear from ruse Kosky who will be talking about effects of AGN feedback, non thermal processes on their on their halos and on the circuit galactic media there.
08:07:46 So for each of these, they'll be about 20 minutes long, and then we will have breakout rooms created and you're welcome to join those breakout rooms, following the presentation will probably allow a little bit of discussion to occur in the main channel,
08:08:03 maybe for five or 10 minutes and then shift everything over to a breakout room, so that any questions that you may have or discussion that you want to bring up related to the content of that tutorial can happen pretty much as long as you want.
08:08:21 I'll go into each of the breakout rooms just prior to the start of the next tutorial. And just to give an alert.
08:08:27 Hey, the next one starting and for those of you who want to come back to the main the main room, the main Zoom Room to, to listen to the next tutorial you're welcome to do so, if you want to stay in that breakout room you're in a super engaged conversation
08:08:42 on the topic and maybe you aren't as interested in the next, the next discussion, the next tutorial, you can stick around there and definitely.
08:08:50 The, the tutorials themselves will be recorded and placed on our schedule.
08:08:56 But the discussion in the breakout rooms will not be. However, we also encourage people there are slack channels for each of these topics I'm just about to create or maybe one of the other organizers wants to create one for AGN a halo 21 AGN channel,
08:09:13 but we have a halo 21 cosmic rays channel, and Halo 21 turbulence channel so discussion relevant to these tutorials can take place there so it lasts beyond just our, our transients zoom session today.
08:09:30 And I think that's, I think that's all I've got for now.
08:09:35 So, So Chang Would you like to start us off with the cosmic ray tutorial.
08:09:56 Definitely. Thank you. So let me share my screen first. Excellent. Thank you for joining us. I'm really excited for this. Let me check the screen.
08:10:09 Okay, so it looks great. You see me right now. Yes, yes. okay.
08:10:15 So good morning everyone. So like 2% or 94 or 92nd grader who shop.
08:10:22 And we might talk, a lie to focus on the impact of constraints CGM. And I like argue that maybe if we bring customers into consideration. We may potentially understand some puzzles, you know CGM.
08:10:38 So now we know that the CGM is a marketplace right so it contains the hackers about 10 to sift Calvin. And also, it contains the cool gas 11 1040 Calvin, so that's indicated by the emission, and also absorption.
08:10:57 And if we're considered a cool gas I say the cool guest is tracking. Why is that so first all the cool gas, the temperature and not at the proper temperature.
08:11:08 We know that the gas, need to maintain a high temperature. Therefore, the high pressure to support themselves against gravity.
08:11:17 Otherwise they will fall into a single galaxy and can not remain a very lucky guy just like a balloon here right you know the balloon need to remain hot to float in the sky.
08:11:27 Otherwise, it was sync.
08:11:29 But now we know that the gas is only tends to forecast when that is way below the temperature. So how okay to stay at a very large dry ready I still falling into the center of Tennessee right so that is the other one.
08:11:44 The poetry that people find that the cool guys and hook us, they're not in pressure to Libyan.
08:12:02 The density of the cool gas is at least one order of magnitude smaller in the valley required to maintain pressure equilibrium with the whole cast, which means that maybe the hook so try to push the gas or try to squeeze a cold call gas and cook as will
08:12:08 not be stable, right. So the positivity that's so cool gas is under pressure. So how can you be stable. Right, so the second the second puddle.
08:12:21 The third thing is that it's a lot of cool guys, so in your makeup I can see a leaf tensile utensil mass, and you can find cool gas in both stuff for me around non stuffing gases and has a very high compression.
08:12:44 So previously we think that okay the guys must be hard, because of all the feedback process to heat it up. But actually, when we see it. It's cool. Something like that one to see lava here actually see snow and snow a lot of can coexist.
08:12:50 So, I do think that to cook as is indeed striking.
08:12:56 And also have a lot about six right so long standing problem. Yeah. And, of course, it is puzzling to. The first thing is that we know that the six only can only be found around stuff on gases, but not in a non stuffing gases.
08:13:12 And also we know that the office has a very flat profile. It does not decrease. With the increase of the radio. Right.
08:13:21 So things that is all six is kind of CO spatial with low ions. So if we say the closest trace the one gas to wine one can always stay together with the gas.
08:13:34 And finally, when I was asked the oh six corresponding to a temperature of three consecutive coward. So that is assists at peak of the cooling curve. So he responded to vote shot lead, very short time, which means that if this is true.
08:13:52 The one cast were cooking cool down to some for cabin, and therefore, you should not see any, any work at all.
08:13:59 But even given such a cooling time, so why we can still see a lot of six around stuff on the gases. So I think these are the paddles, you CGM so that really helped me a lot.
08:14:12 So, it's talk like to try to argue that maybe if we include customers, and with partners, could be resolved in here I say the customer could be important as a coach means that, because we have a lot of assumptions, for example, which was similar customer
08:14:40 not as podcasts, but absolutes, and we assume that it has some diffusion and streaming. So, it's really kind of the model dependent stuff. So I say the customer could be important.
08:14:46 So, if this assumption is not too far away from reality, the best idea is that because we have a supernova explosion in the center Kelsey, and that will try to have some energy input output and the 10% of the energy will be converted in customer, and
08:15:15 So, this is a first glance of the solution with no without customer left side, MSG plus means that it comes to everything. The man who feels.
08:15:34 We trust the conduction everything except for customer I enjoy hand side, the car plus means that it is identical to the left hand side, and the only difference is that the contents customer.
08:15:39 So this is apples to apples comparison, and coupons that was that customer a little Hello, it's really hot. Right. But we raise the hell up become really cool.
08:15:52 So that is a huge impact.
08:15:56 And if we look at this, more collectively, you can find is that with, with most gas, stay above control of his carbon, so either one and half regime.
08:16:10 But we've made most of the gas stays below 10 suffers Calvin, so it seems that the customer can have a huge impact on the faces of the CGM, you can shift the face of CGM from the high end to the end.
08:16:28 So you may wondering why is that so we can look at the, the pressure gradient profile at the function of the radius. So here on the top panel, so there's no cosplay.
08:16:41 If you look at the blue curve, that is, the similar pressure, so that it's comparable with the black target curve. So that is the gravity of the potential, right.
08:16:53 So, which means that if there's no customer, the gas need to mass hot. So if you have a high enough pressure to play against gravity. Right, so that is our knife sauce.
08:17:06 So because you can see that the cats need to have how high temperature, because, so have I have high pressure. So we can bandwagon scratchy, so there's no way that gets must be hot.
08:17:17 But now, if we include customers. You can see that the blue curve that is a castle pressure becomes a live animal most two orders of magnitude lower, and instead.
08:17:37 That is the queen curve that is the pressure of cosplay. That is comfortable with gravity.
08:17:40 So, If the helo becomes customer dominated, then the cast, can be supported by constant pressure. And we know that the couple of pressure will be proportional to the customer nasty over some string velocity of constraints.
08:18:00 Now solo, the radius, after the Great. The crowd is a scrap of radius after getting sick right and that is independent of the cast.
08:18:12 The cast temperature.
08:18:13 Therefore, if we rely on customer pressure to support a gas, then the guest does not need to be hot anymore, and it can be very cool. So that is the biggest difference with the without customer.
08:18:30 And if with Kim put this question together, we can solve for a dense profile is so called the equilibrium disc profile. So what does the Caribbean word mean.
08:18:44 So that means that at some radius are.
08:18:48 If the local density is greater than Z's equilibrium desk profile, then locally, there will not be enough customer pressure to support it, so it must think by.
08:19:02 So, on the contrary. As ready as our. If the density of the gas is smaller than this equilibrium that's profile, then locally, there will be too much of a pressure to support it to act on it.
08:19:15 So I guess, must float.
08:19:18 So, in other words, only when the gas density equals this equilibrium that profile, as in various are the gas can survive. Right.
08:19:29 And because of that, this density is independent of a temperature. That's very important. And that is exactly what we see from our selections. So on the top hat.
08:19:49 So here I show the gas of the gas density profile as a function of the radius and different color means different phases of the gas.
08:19:53 And if there's no customer, you can see that the Comcast must stay at a very large density, and the hot gas must stay at a very low density.
08:20:04 So that makes sense, right, because if there's no customer a different phase of gas must be in pressure Caribbean. Right, so the whole cast must stay at a low density and a cool gas must Allah Huygens D.
08:20:17 But now with cutaway fun is that no matter the gas is cool, or hot. It always stay at a very similar density.
08:20:40 And that will lead to a very positive patient, that is a cool face must be under pressure. Right.
08:20:48 We have different face of gas. They have different temperatures, but they have the same density, then to cook as the pressure cookers must be smaller, the pressure of the podcast.
08:21:01 So let's kind of help us understand why we can see a lot of pressure cookers CGM, maybe just supported by the noticeable pressure from the customers.
08:21:13 And now we might be wondering that if the gas and not in particularly burn. So why that could be stable. So he'll wouldn't do is, we can make a cut some fixed API and attended.
08:21:26 so here we can see.
08:21:30 I show the map of the summer, pressure, and as some fixed it is so it is relevant from the gravity. And you can see that indeed the guests are not in similar pressure equilibrium at all right, we have some high pressure here, we have some low pressure
08:21:49 here.
08:21:50 But if you look at the customer pressure confirm that the to map it co located right, we have some high pressure here, some of every year, we'll have some low cost no pressure here.
08:22:04 So any other words to some of the similar pressure, no pressure at a given VDI is a constant, which means that, although the gas out of symmetry, even, but the in total pressure equilibrium.
08:22:21 If you can bring customer pressure into consideration.
08:22:27 And also found that the kinematics of the CGM is good in the modified by color pressure. So here I will I show is Natasha No, so that is lots of love.
08:22:46 Let's take a slice plot, and also on the bottom panel so that is the narrative of the divergence, such as show the compatibility of the gas. You can find that if there's no customer, and the entire Hello, is dominated by inflow gas, and it has a very
08:23:05 bill shank right there's a lot of reference in Halo. And with your phone is that it's very extended sale driven outflows in a by contribution. And as the structure of the bloody trust recover different and ask the funds as, there's no fun at all.
08:23:20 So it seems that the viewership disappears in the, in our customer one.
08:23:26 So why is that so one we can see that you can compare cooling time, and the flow time. So here is the color, so the color part is the distribution of the gas cooling time, and the black line is the inflow time after gas.
08:23:44 You can fungus that was our customer, and most of the gas.
08:23:50 For most of the gas, the cooling time is larger, or comparable was float high, but with customer pressure.
08:23:59 Most of the gas, the cooling time will become shorter than the info time.
08:24:06 Therefore, if the pillow is dominated by customer pressure, then the cat can efficiently, but he has away his energy before acquitted into the central galaxy.
08:24:19 Therefore, there will not be enough sufficient to support a stable version found, therefore, is no shock at all right. So, that is a huge difference with the without a customer.
08:24:32 And you might be wondering, so why the cooling time is so different, with always causeway. Then we can look at the someone's abilities, because the submissive abilities, behavior, totally different.
08:24:58 With a wizard cosplay.
08:24:50 If there's no constant pressure, we know that different face of gas, there must be in symmetry to Libya, right, then the Comcast must be confined to a very small volume.
08:25:03 Yeah, and the dress after space must be filled with a very warm feeling long couldn't find her face. So, the entire system will have a very long quite high.
08:25:17 But if we include cutaways The phone is that the entire guest Hello, can be out of similar pressure the clear liquid model, right, and then the gas can pull down, but still maintains a very diffuse for volume fitting state.
08:25:34 Therefore, this is the system will have a very short quitting time.
08:25:40 Now what's that we can better understand about our observations.
08:25:45 So here I'll show the column against the profile of Act One, and the blue curve is our image to you on and the orange curve is our customer one, and the stars and arrows from observation data.
08:26:03 And he confirmed that the biggest difference between the studio on in Syria and come from here, it's part, right. So it's that way. It's a large scattering here, and it has a very low lower limit.
08:26:19 But with halfway, it's tattooing, much less, and has a very high, low limit.
08:26:27 And it will do has the upward arrows here, so that is the observational low limit. So I will say that maybe observation will prefer our customer one.
08:26:39 So why is that, as I mentioned before, so if there's no customer way. So the cool gas must maintain pressure Caribbean was a half face, then it must be pressure confined into very small region, right, so this is the picture.
08:26:54 If you should was icon in my penetrate some cool gas will give you were high, but will give you a very large Valley, and maybe some sideline will penetrate no cookies at all as that will give you a very low limit.
08:27:11 So therefore, there's no customer, there will be a very large scattered and also will have a very low, low limit.
08:27:20 But though, with Hathaway, we know that the gas can be out of pressure equilibrium. So it can maintain the cook at convention of very volatile feeling but a uniform face.
08:27:30 So no matter how do you draw the sidelines, they always give you very similar value. So I would say the profile of the of the of the actual one or the scheduling, or no limit up at one what tell your wedding cake.
08:27:46 What can your wedding cake, what its status of cool gas in a situation.
08:27:49 And also we can look at what we care about is of six. Again, the origin value of the actual line is our car run and batteries.
08:28:15 And actually, one, so it's very clear that I will see around will feed observational data, extremely well. And you can maintain a very high oxygen content at up to 152 possible way.
08:28:07 So that is really exciting thing.
08:28:19 And why is that so here we can look at the contribution as a function of density and temperature, and you can find is that if there is no customer. Most oh six come from the wall, have phase.
08:28:35 so that is mostly come from the cushion foundation.
08:28:39 But we can find is that the old most, most of all six come from the two fields, low temperature gas. so that is mostly from the football nation. This is because the customer a can maintain can make a gas diffuse volume filling.
08:29:09 So, that can be very easily sort of organized.
08:29:04 And secondly also have to understand why the profile of six pretty flat, because if you go to the very large ready I also the total guest numbers is drops, but the efficiency of the solution will increase.
08:29:18 So therefore, even as we're not ready I can still see a lot of photos of six.
08:29:24 So, some ways that maybe if we include a noticeable customer impact. We can have. Instead, the partner in the situation of local gas. So why stable, white and the dance.
08:29:38 Now why has a very large corporation to know because of gas is supported by Casa pressure. Then, it does not care about the guests temperature anymore.
08:30:03 So why can be there. Keeping it's very short time. So why is commercial with lawyers, maybe the one gas and mostly come from the photon eyes.
08:30:03 Okay guess, right. So, is actually is not one, and actually it's, it's cool. And also, yo can only see warm gas, a so called one gas or run stuff on gases, because we know that the sale of mostly related to a step function rate.
08:30:19 Right, so there's no stuff I mentioned there'll be avoid little nasty. So there'll be no car supported. Hello. So I think the bottom line is that, I think, the microphones call the normal process, such as many fields and custom race, and toilets and so
08:30:34 on that very important for us to understand, to fix cats Hello, so that's all And thank you for attention.
08:30:42 Thank you, searching.
08:30:45 It was a very clear explanation of the potential impacts of cosmic rays on the, on the CGM and on the Halo.
08:30:54 We already yeah so as I, as I mentioned, just for everyone's reference will will take like 10 minutes or so of discussion in here and then I encourage people who are interested in continuing the discussion to go into the appropriately themed breakout
08:31:08 room.
08:31:10 Before we get started with you on least turbulence discussion, but I think the first person who had their hand raised was Drummond, would you.
08:31:18 What would you like to ask.
08:31:20 Thanks. Thanks for being very clear nice presentation as usual.
08:31:27 Could you go back to that slide 14 your your cursor is floating over.
08:31:32 Yes, here.
08:31:34 Yeah. So, when I look at age one absorption in papers, by all of the wonderful observers on this talk, niche one absorption is coming from very narrow or you know forget age one, you know, magnesium to Silicon to tracing that sort of, you know, cool tend
08:31:54 to the for Kelvin gas it comes from very narrow absorption lines, and I know Cameron was a co author on this paper with you so I was wondering if you could say anything about the line width of the low ions in these two scenarios and if the car plus Halo
08:32:10 line with are actually consistent, as you're showing the you know the integrated ion contents to these are.
08:32:19 Yeah, so that is a good question. So actually, is indeed, so our future plan is, we can prob language, the language by looking at the synthetic CR spectral from our patients.
08:32:40 But now I do not have a clear conclusion for that. But I think the total thing is that the main thing is that because if we constantly throwing your hands up who gets what people involved in Philly.
08:33:03 length scale, right. So, exact issue, we should see a lot of motions, since that might be coherent.
08:33:03 I some that skill. So that will definitely impact our synthetic stature of the soft opposites in life. So exactly I think you might see some very broad.
08:33:18 Yeah, but also it is kind of depends on. So what is the coherent landscape. So that is something we can I cannot say for now, for sure, but it definitely something I want to chat in the future.
08:33:30 Yeah.
08:33:33 Excellent question. And I think there are a lot of clear ways in which this can be tested and put constraints on by the observations on just what the strength is so it's it's future work.
08:33:48 I think you know.
08:33:47 All right.
08:33:48 Next question from young.
08:33:50 Yeah, thank you. I guess so chain that's a really great job. So yesterday's count mentioned in AFM this energy partition between the gas pressure and the mechanic feeling turbulence and whatever everything's in it, just, and then he mentioned in the CGM
08:34:06 actually gets crushed Dominic. So I was wondering, in your model right now, when you pump a lot of coffee rates into it and boost the customer group pressure, how does the entry competition scenario, books.
08:34:19 See, and related to that questions, and so you assume that there is 10% of the supernova energy goes into the cosmic rays and how does that affect the overall concept the CGM.
08:34:33 Yeah.
08:34:35 So quick question. So if you come to the word of so called competition, so I'm not.
08:34:42 So I'm to not like that competition words.
08:34:51 Very much. The reason is that, so when we say competition, we must understand what is the physics behind. Right. So for example you have some type of Dynamo, we have also have the competition between the Connect, manage, and manage.
08:35:02 So what you imply is that, maybe there's some growth rate will be balanced by some density right so that will keep you the socket competition. Right.
08:35:10 But the competition is not a universal rule, because we need to identify what is the fixed behind. So what is really the balance of forth between the two part, right.
08:35:22 So now, in our CGM case, the key things that is the balancing.
08:35:30 After the balancing is between the gravity and the pressure gradient of conservation. Right. So that's this party comfortable. So maybe the competition between the summer energy and the customer pressure.
08:35:53 it between those two is the customer manage dance, professional potential. So I will not say that so I'm not thinks that maybe the competition.
08:35:58 So I would say that the competition might not be a good assumption, you know CGM. But also, I would say that if you want to consider the confinement of customer and how in that with the manifest the very small scale.
08:36:12 So maybe there's some, there's still some balance of there, so maybe you can say some competition from that side, but on a global on a global scale. So which do not anticipate, you can partition between the summer image, and the customer energy and come
08:36:28 to your second question, yes, stuff I'm sure rate is really important because our model assumes that there's 10% of the son he would go to covering. So that is based on.
08:36:58 I will not say solid, but it's a widely accepted number of 10%, and also.
08:36:49 So, that is what I can say right now so, so I'll say, if you want to understand that better So indeed, how much, what's the what's the percentage of the officers can ensure go to manage, you need to do some more detailed study, so maybe the parking study
08:37:04 to figure out the number, but 10% is at least a reasonable, a reasonable number, number for now. Yeah.
08:37:12 Okay. We're, we're bumping up on the time before we start our next tutorial by you on Lee So I invite. I know there are a number of hands raised I'm sorry we didn't get to I invite everyone, including those who have their hands raised or, or people who
08:37:27 are a little bit more hesitant to ask a question but want to stay on for this discussion to go into the breakout room specified with cosmic rays, searching will also go there and be able to continue this discussion.
08:37:43 We will start you on Lee's tutorial at 840 in three minutes, And then, if you guys want to come back from the other breakout room in the next bit.
08:37:54 You can catch hers or catch Mateos Russkies tutorial at 920, but I'll check in there and let you guys know when we tell you she's about to begin.